Butterflies often display strikingly different color patterns on the dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) sides of their wings, such as in examples Morpho menelaus and Panacea regina (top row) and in Bicyclus anynana (bottom) shown above. Researchers at the National University of Singapore have identified the gene transcription factors in butterflies that are involved in developing these different patterns. (In all pairs shown, dorsal patterns are shown at right and ventral patterns at left.) (Image originally published in Prakash and Monteiro 2018, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, CC BY 4.0)