Natural enemies such as parasitoid wasps target gloomy scales (Melanaspis tenebricosa) that infest red maple trees (top left). With the scale’s outer covering removed, the parasitoid larva (top right) can be seen, having fed on the scale as it developed. The parasitoid then enters the pupal stage (bottom left, at left, shown in comparison to a healthy adult scale with cover removed) before later emerging as an adult (bottom right). (Photos by Caleb J. Wilson, Ph.D.)