“It has taken decades to establish guidelines for [navel] oranges,” says Bodil N. Cass, Ph.D., postdoctoral scholar at UC Davis and lead author on a study comparing pest management in navel and mandarin oranges. “We’d been assuming or hoping that the IPM guidelines that were carefully established for oranges are also effective in the different mandarin species that are now commonly being grown. Here we’ve seen in some cases a very different picture emerging in mandarins.” (Photo credit: Bodil N. Cass, Ph.D.)